Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Frequency on Power Transformer Size, Cost, and Losses

This paper investigates the differences between 50 Hz and 60 Hz power transformers, focusing on key design aspects such as cost, size, and losses. Four different power ratings (1250 kVA, 1600 kVA, 2000 kVA, and 2500 kVA) are compared under the assumption that the leakage impedance and magnetic flux density remain constant for both transformer types. The study explores how frequency impacts transformer size, cost, and efficiency. It is found that transformers operating at 60 Hz generally exhibit smaller transformer sizes and reduced copper losses compared to their 50 Hz counterparts, resulting in differences in physical dimensions and material costs. Core losses tend to be higher in 60 Hz transformers. The paper concludes by offering insights into how frequency affects the selection of transformers based on size, cost considerations, and efficiency, providing guidance for optimal transformer choice in different power applications.