Parasitic Elements Loaded Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Communications

This paper discusses the design and analysis of parasitic elements loaded antenna capable of performing pattern reconfiguration for 5G communication. The designed antenna resonates at a frequency of 5.68 GHz and is excited through a microstrip-via feed mechanism. The dimensions of the antenna are 0.5λ<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> × 0.38λ<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> × 0.004λ<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> (26.41 mm × 20.07 mm × 0.211 mm). The design employs two PIN diodes and analysed two different switching conditions. Depending on the switching case, the antenna reconfigures its main lobe direction between -84° and +84°. Simulation analysis shows consistent performance for both the switching states. The designed structure exhibits |S11| of -29 dB, gain of 2.13 dB, and radiation efficiency of 87% for both the switching states. This makes the antenna a perfect choice for next-generation wireless networks, IoT adoption, and adaptive communications.