Optimal Planning for Electricity–Gas–Hydrogen Integrated Energy Systems Considering Intertemporal Long-Term Hydrogen Storage and Multiple Uncertainties

To address the persistent imbalance between energy supply and demand in integrated energy systems, a power–hydrogen and power–gas interchange system involving intertemporal long-term hydrogen storage is proposed. In this system, intertemporal hydrogen energy storage guarantees the continuity of the charge state throughout the year for intraday and day-to-day charging/discharging to facilitate renewable energy consumption and the transfer of energy over time. Moreover, multiple uncertainties affecting the efficiency of energy conversion equipment and scenario probabilities are considered. To address the multiple uncertainties in integrated energy systems, a hybrid approach that combines stochastic and robust models is proposed, and an uncertainty adjustment parameter is adopted to flexibly fine-tune the conservatism of the planning scheme. Then, a column and constrained generation algorithm and robust dyadic theory are combined to decompose the original problem into a master problem with mixed-integer linear characteristics and subproblems. These subproblems are solved alternately, allowing us to derive the optimal solution for the original problem. Finally, the superiority and validity of the proposed model and planning method in both typical and extreme scenarios are verified through case studies.