Karakterisasi Papan Partikel dari Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dalam Variasi Jenis dan Konsentrasi Perekat

Particle board is an artificial board created by combining lignocellulosic chips/particles using pressed synthetic adhesive to obtain characteristics similar to solid wood. This research aims to determine the effect of the types and concentrations of adhesive that produces the best particle board characteristics. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with treatment variations between types of adhesive, namely PVAc, epoxy, and urea formaldehyde, as well as adhesive concentration levels consisting of 50%, 55%, 60%, and 65%, with a total of 12 levels. Each treatment was grouped into 2 based on the time the particle board was made to obtain 24 experimental units. The variables observed were physical properties which included: density, water content, water absorption capacity, and thickness expansion, then mechanical properties which included: modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bonding, and screw holding strength. The data obtained was analyzed for diversity and continued with the Honestly Significant Difference Test (HSD). The research results showed that the type and concentration of adhesive had a very significant effect on water absorption capacity, thickness expansion, MOR, MOE, internal bonding, screw holding strength, had a significant effect on water content, and had no significant effect on density. Treatment of PVAc adhesive type with a concentration of 65% produces the best characteristics with a density value of 0.83 g/cm3, water content 12.81%, water absorption capacity 10.97%, thickness expansion 1.25%, MOR 33.38 kg/cm2, MOE 1490.83 kg/cm2, internal bonding 4.68 kg/cm2, and screw holding strength 4.85 kgf. Keywords : Particleboard, types and concentrations of adhesive Papan partikel merupakan papan buatan yang tercipta melalui penggabungan serpihan/ partikel lignoselulosa menggunakan perekat sintetis yang dipres sehingga memperoleh karakteristik yang mirip dengan kayu padat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi perekat yang menghasilkan karakteristik papan partikel terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan variasi antara jenis perekat yaitu PVAc, epoksi, dan urea formaldehida, serta tingkat konsentrasi perekat yang terdiri dari 50%, 55%, 60%, dan 65%, dengan jumlah taraf sebanyak 12, masing-masing perlakuan dikelompokkan menjadi 2 berdasarkan waktu pembuatan papan partikel sehingga diperoleh 24 unit percobaan. Variabel yang diamati yaitu sifat fisis yang meliputi: kerapatan, kadar air, daya serap air, serta pengembangan tebal, kemudian sifat mekanik yang meliputi: Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, Internal Bonding, serta kuat pegang sekrup. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis keragamannya dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis dan konsentrasi perekat berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap daya serap air, pengembangan tebal, MOR, MOE, internal bonding, kuat pegang sekrup, berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatan. Perlakuan jenis perekat PVAc dengan konsentrasi 65% menghasilkan karakteristik terbaik dengan nilai kerapatan 0,83 g/cm3, kadar air 12,81%, daya serap air 10,97%, pengembangan tebal 1,25%, MOR 33,38 kg/cm2, MOE 1490,83 kg/cm2, internal bonding 4,68 kg/cm2, dan kuat pegang sekrup 4,85 kgf. Kata kunci : Papan partikel, jenis dan konsentrasi perekat