Wild edible flowers as a promising source of protein and essential nutrients for food security of the Mekong region

Wild edible flowers from the Mekong region represent a largely untapped resource with significant potential as both mainstream food and functional ingredients for local populations. This study investigated the nutritional composition and amino acid profiles of five species: Broussonetia kurzii, Trevesia palmata, Dregea volubilis, Oroxylum indicum, and Musa × paradisiaca. Notably, B. kurzii exhibited the highest protein content (27.51%), followed by T. palmata (20.25%). In terms of amino acid composition, B. kurzii also displayed the highest total amino acid content, approximately 20,000 mg/100 g DW, while T. palmata and D. volubilis also showing substantial levels. While Musa × paradisiaca contained a higher ratio of non-essential amino acids, O. indicum contained the highest ratio of essential amino acids, and B. kurzii contained the highest Essential Amino Acid Index (EAAI). Furthermore, phytochemical analysis revealed that B. kurzii possessed the highest levels of total phenolic (1.72 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid (1.41 mg QE/g DW) content, coinciding with significant antioxidant activity. Specific phenolic compounds, including catechin, gallic acid, coumaric acid, and rosmarinic acid, were found in abundance, particularly in B. kurzii and D. volubilis. Collectively, these findings underscore the considerable potential of these edible flowers as a valuable dietary resource, particularly for local populations in the Mekong region. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate their nutritional potential and explore their applications in culinary innovation.