Social Performance and Financial Efficiency of Companies: Considering the Moderating Role of Corporate Governance in the Capital Market

In recent years, corporate social performance has attracted significant attention from academics and business professionals. Corporate social performance has been recognized as a new strategic choice for enhancing corporate image, gaining competitive advantage, and ultimately increasing firm value. The present study aimed to examine the moderating role of corporate governance in the relationship between social performance and financial efficiency of companies. This study is classified as applied research in terms of purpose and as a descriptive study in terms of methodology. Among descriptive studies, it falls within the category of correlation research. The statistical population of this study consisted of all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2022, with a sample size of 130 firms selected using the systematic elimination method. The research hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression with a panel data model. The results indicated that social performance has a positive and significant impact on financial efficiency, and the internal and organizational mechanisms of corporate governance strengthen the positive relationship between social performance and financial efficiency. Based on these findings, it is recommended that legislators, policymakers, and standard-setters in accounting consider incorporating sustainability reporting formats into new reporting standards in Iran. Additionally, regulatory bodies, policymakers, and the Securities and Exchange Commission should adopt appropriate measures and legal requirements to mandate corporate disclosure of sustainability performance information.