Changes in the Physical and Functional Status of Physiotherapy Students During Their Studies

Background. During their studies in physiotherapy, students acquire theoretical and practical knowledge about the benefits of physical activity, health parameters and disease prevention, as well as try out different forms of physical activity during practical sessions. However, there is a lack of data on the impact of the knowledge acquired in the course on students’ physical condition and on the changes in students’ physical and functional status. Aim. To determine the changes in the physical and functional status of Physiotherapy students during their studies. Methods. A quantitative longitudinal study was carried out over three years. The study involved Physiotherapy stu­dents (n = 17) of Kauno kolegija Higher Education Institution. The subjects were assessed three times: in the first, second, and third year of study. The level of physical activity was determined using the IPAQ-LT short version ques­tionnaire, body composition was analysed using the Tanita MC-780 device, waist and hip circumference were meas­ured with a centimetre tape, and the physical and functional status was determined by the use of the sit-ups, push-ups, Sit and Reach, Standing Stork Balance and Harvard Step tests. Results. There were no significant changes (p > 0.05) in the physical activity scores and indicators. Weight change was –0.92 ± 3.79 kg (p < 0.05) but fat mass increased by 2.71 ± 3.54 % (p < 0.05). Waist circumference decreased, but hip circumference increased (p < 0.05). The change in the Stork Balance Test score for the right leg was significant at 12.64 ± 16.66 sec. (p < 0.05), left – no significant change. No significant changes in muscle strength and endurance were found. The change in the Sit and Reach Test was significant at –4.15 ± 5.26 cm (p < 0.05). The Harvard Step Test showed an improvement of 4.68 ± 21.21 (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Physical activity levels, left leg balance, muscle strength, and endurance of Physiotherapy students of Kauno kolegija Higher Education Institution did not change significantly during the study; but weight, waist circum­ference, and flexibility decreased, fat mass and hip circumference increased, right leg balance and physical strength improved. Keywords: balance; body composition; muscle strength; physiotherapy; students