Evaluation of strip tillage and precision planters in irrigated and rainfed canola production systems in southern Alberta

Conservation tillage practices, including no tillage (NT) and reduced tillage, are widely adopted in the Canadian prairies. However, managing crop residues in NT canola ( Brassica napus L.) systems can be challenging. This study evaluated strip tillage (ST) and precision planting (PP) in handling crop residues and improving canola emergence, growth, and yield. ST was compared to NT and conventional tillage (CT), while PP was compared to disc hoe (DH), narrow knife, and spreader openers for their effect on crop emergence and seed yield under both irrigated and rainfed conditions. The results indicated that PP was effective in improving uniformity with increased stand establishment (13%–17%). This was particularly evident in the irrigated CT systems, where 83% of sites showed a higher plant density. However, the DH opener outperformed the PP in improving seed yield (15%) due to its narrower row spacing, regardless of soil moisture regimes. Tillage practices did not influence canola growth parameters or yield in most cases; however, when ST is combined with the DH opener, a high and stable seed yield is guaranteed. Additionally, the NT practice was particularly beneficial under rainfed conditions, improving water conservation and helping mitigate yield losses in water-limited environments. The adoption of ST provides improved moisture retention, lower energy consumption, and a reduced carbon footprint compared to CT, making it a viable option for farmers seeking to balance yield stability and environmental impact. When adopting PP, sufficient nutrient supply is necessary to compensate for the inter-plant competition and maintain yield potential.