Shaping a progressive Islamic education in Uzbekistan: Balancing tradition and modernization, and the influence of Mahmudkhoja Behbudi

Islamic religious education in Uzbekistan has demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of its profound historical, political, and cultural transformations. This study traces its evolution from the Soviet era—characterized by severe suppression and the dismantling of Islamic institutions—to its state-guided revival following Uzbekistan’s independence in 1991. It highlights how traditional Islamic values have been preserved and integrated with modern pedagogical approaches to address contemporary societal needs. During the Soviet period, informal networks like the Hujra system continued its religious education, ensuring its continuity despite restrictions. Post-independence reforms, however, have sought to cultivate moderate, apolitical Islamic teachings aligned with national development goals. Drawing on 20 academic studies, this article synthesizes key themes, including historical development, comparative analyses, policy frameworks, and modern challenges. Methodologically, the research categorizes these studies to explore the interplay between religious and secular paradigms, interdisciplinary learning, and the incorporation of technology and ethics into curricula. The study also examines the contributions of influential figures, like Mahmudkhoja Behbudi and the Jadidism movement in shaping a progressive Islamic education model. By placing Uzbekistan’s experience within a global perspective, this study provides valuable insights for other Muslim-majority nations seeking to reform their Islamic education systems—addressing contemporary complexities while preserving their cultural and spiritual identity. Contribution: This study enhances the understanding of the evolution of Islamic religious education by highlighting its role in reconciling tradition and modernity while addressing global challenges. It aligns with the journal’s focus on contemporary Islamic issues, contributing to its multidisciplinary discussions on Islamic history.