PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS DOENÇAS EXANTEMÁTICAS DE NOTIFICAÇÃO COMPULSÓRIA NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO ENTRE 2019-2024

Introduction: Exanthematic diseases (ED) are acute infectious pathologies primarily characterized by dermatological manifestations. Among them, measles and rubella are subject to mandatory reporting. The continued circulation of these virusesin Brazil has led to outbreaks in various regions, such as in Maranhão, despite being preventable through vaccination. Methods: This is an ecological study based on reported cases of ED in the state of Maranhão from 2019 to 2024. Data werecollected from the National System of Notifiable Diseases(SINAN/DATASUS). Results: A total of 28 cases of ED were reported, with 25% occurring in the 1 to 4-year age group. Regarding sex, 53.57% of the cases were female, 67.85% identified as mixed-race, and pregnant women accounted for 3.57% in the first trimester and 7.14% in the third trimester. Laboratory confirmation was obtained for 100% of the cases, and 89.28% were caused by the wild-type measles virus. As for the most affected macro-regions, 22 cases were identified in the Northern region, accounting for 78% of the cases during the study period, with 54.14% p”p.”being autochthonous cases. Regarding vaccination coverage, it was observed that in Maranhão, coverage for the first dose (D1) of the MMR vaccine reached 87.05% in 2019, indicating higher initial coverage. However, a shar pcontrast is observed when analyzing the booster dose (D2) of the MMR vaccine. According to DATASUS and the National Immunization Program, in 2021 only 39.94% of the population in Maranhão received the booster dose. Conclusion: EDs affect individuals of all sexes, ethnicities, and ages indiscriminately, with vaccination being the most effective method for preventing outbreaks. The resurgence of these diseases in the state was a consequence of low adherence to the booster dose, highlighting the need for improvements in immunization efforts.