Inconstitucionalidad de la Ley N.º 32330: reducción de la edad penal y vulneración de derechos fundamentales en Perú. Una revisión sistemática

This study examines the unconstitutionality of Law No. 32330 and its impact on the protection of adolescents' fundamental rights in Peru. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, including qualitative, mixed, and review-based scientific articles published between 2019 and April 2025 in Spanish and English, sourced from Scielo and Dialnet. After applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 full-text articles were analyzed. The findings reveal that lowering the age of criminal responsibility does not enhance public safety; instead, it undermines constitutional principles, international treaties, and the best interests of the adolescent by prioritizing punitive measures over preventive and restorative alternatives. The study concludes that it is essential to strengthen juvenile justice systems from a rights-based perspective, promoting public policies focused on prevention, reintegration, and the respect for human rights. It recommends encouraging empirical research and specialized training for system operators to move toward a more humane and effective juvenile justice system.