Agrobiological study of grape varieties of interspecific origin of ARRIV&W – branch of the FSBSI FRARC breeding in the Lower Don region

Abstract. Currently, the problem of climate change is put forward as a priority. Agriculture in general and viticulture in particular are most susceptible to climate change, so the study of the impact of climate change on grape plants is a relevant area. The purpose of the research is to study the agro-biological characteristics, determine the yield capacity and crop conditions of interspecific grape varieties bred by the ARRIV&W – branch of the FSBSI FRARC, in connection with the existing climate changes that affect not only the grape plant, but also the quality of wine from it. The objects of the research were the grape varieties – Druzhba, Tsvetochnyi, Saperavi Severnyi (included in the Register of varieties approved for use in 2002, 1988, 1965, respectively). The varieties are grown in grafted grape culture (rootstock is Kober 5BB), the planting scheme of bushes is 3 × 1.5 m, the varieties Tsvetochnyi and Saperavi Severnyi were studied in uncovered culture, Druzhba – in covered. The study of the varieties was carried out according to generally accepted methods in viticulture and GOSTs. Based on the results of the conducted records and observations, it was established that the highest percentage of blossoming buds and fruiting shoots was in the varieties studied in uncovered culture (Tsvetochnyi and Saperavi Severnyi) 97 and 93 %, 87 and 89 %, respectively. The Druzhba variety had 76 % of blossomed buds and 74 % of fruiting shoots. The studied varieties had high or very high estimated yield capacity (from 128 to 186 c/ha). The sugar content of the berry juice was very high or average, titratable acidity was average or low. Tasting scores of dry wines were in the range from 8.53 to 8.65 points, a liqueur wine was also prepared from the Druzhba variety, which received an average score of 8.65 points. All samples of wine materials corresponded to the type of the declared wine. Keywords: grapes, varieties of interspecific origin, variety study, weather conditions, yield capacity, crop conditions, tasting scores of wines