Photovoltaic Efficiency and Technology Innovation in Renewable Energy: A Systematic Literature Review

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology plays a critical role in advancing renewable energy by converting sunlight into electricity. However, its effectiveness relies heavily on continuous innovation to enhance efficiency. Indonesia’s transition towards renewable energy is driven by significant solar potential, yet challenges persist in adopting optimal PV technologies under tropical conditions. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 41 journal articles published between 2020 and 2024, using the PRISMA method and focusing on the most-cited works. Results show that inorganic PV technologies remain dominant due to high efficiency (up to 38.9%), while organic PV offers flexibility and cost advantages despite lower efficiency (1.5%–31%). Key innovations include hybrid systems and advanced materials such as quinoxaline-based structures. The study identifies the most viable PV technologies for tropical regions and highlights the growing trend in global research. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in developing sustainable solar energy strategies.