Modern methods of tomato pomace transformation for carotenoid extraction

Abstract. Industrial processing of fruits and vegetables leads to the formation of a large number of by-products that serve as a source of valuable biologically active compounds. Thus, tomato pomace is a promising raw material for obtaining physiologically valuable carotenoids. To extract carotenoids from tomato pomace, modern methods are required that allow maximizing the content of target components in the extract and eliminating their degradation processes. The aim of the work was to review modern methods of tomato pomace transformation for carotenoid extraction. The article used methods of analysis and generalization of available scientific data. The search for scientific articles published by national and foreign scientists was carried out in the search engines Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU and some others. The methods of preliminary preparation of tomato pomace for carotenoid extraction are considered, namely physical (grinding, drying, treatment with a pulsed electric field) and biotechnological. An overview of modern methods for extraction of carotenoids from tomato pomace is given. A brief description of each method is presented and its advantages and disadvantages are assessed. The efficiency of using environmentally friendly solvents for extracting carotenoids from tomato pomace is considered, including deep eutectic solvents, microwave extraction, extraction under high hydrostatic pressure, extraction with a supercritical fluid and ultrasonic extraction. Based on the conducted review, it was concluded that, firstly, in order to increase the yield of the target product and reduce its cost, it is necessary to use various methods of tomato pomace transformation in an integrated manner, and, secondly, when choosing certain methods of tomato pomace transformation, it is necessary to take into account environmental aspects, as well as the economic feasibility of their use. Keywords: tomato pomace, carotenoids, physical methods, biotechnological methods, extraction, environmentally friendly solvents