Genetic Basis of Abdominal Fat Accumulation in Chickens

Abdominal fat deposition in chickens is an important trait that affects meat quality, reproductive performance, and overall production efficiency. This review analyses key aspects of the genetic regulation of this process, including the role of transcription factors, microRNAs, and key metabolic pathways. The prospects for applying knowledge of molecular mechanisms in breeding programs to achieve an optimal balance between production performance, product quality, and reduced feed costs are discussed. Detailed attention is given to genetic studies, including GWAS, transcriptomics, and the use of genome editing technologies, which reveal the polygenic nature of fat deposition. Mechanisms regulating lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation are described, as well as interactions between signaling pathways such as PPAR and SREBP. The findings emphasize the importance of molecular approaches to improve the environmental sustainability of the industry and meet consumer demands for high quality meat products.