Electrolyte engineering enables high-energy Li‖CF<sub><i>x</i></sub> battery operation at ultralow temperatures
A lithium metal‖carbon fluoride (Li‖CF<sub><i>x</i></sub>) primary battery offers high energy density and long shelf-life but suffers from poor performance at low temperatures. We report a linear ester-based electrolyte comprising ethyl acetate (EA) and ethyl trifluoroacetate (ET) with LiBF<sub>4</sub> salt to address this challenge. EA served as the primary solvent, while ET acted as an anti-solvent, weakening Li<sup>+</sup> coordination due to its strong electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms. This unique solvation structure enhanced Li<sup>+</sup> transport for an Li‖CF<sub><i>x</i></sub> battery, delivering a high discharge capacity of 706 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at -40 °C and 395 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at -60 °C.
Authors
- Junliang Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2370-9699)
- Weijie Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0232-1129)
- Jingying Xie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-8745)
- Bin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2112-2555)
- Baoyu Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0048-4013)
- Yang Dai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6171-7505)
- Xu-Yang Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-9032)
- Quansheng Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-1538)
- Shangde Ma
Institutions
- Shanghai University (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Primary Source (US)
- Shanghai Institute of Technology (CN)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Chemical Communications
- Published
- 2025-01-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cc02390d
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00