THE PHENOMENON OF MODERNIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF TYPOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Modernization is a complex and polysemantic phenomenon. To date, there are more than a hundred definitions of this concept and more than a dozen different approaches to its interpretation. This indicates not so much the lack of terminological consensus on the phenomenon of modernization, but rather its multifaceted nature and the impossibility of a clear fixation of its essence within a single theoretical and methodological position. Various parameters can serve as basic attributes of modernization: the cardinal nature of changes; complexity; systemic; temporal extent; the length of the modernization process. The typology of modernization allowsus to demonstrate its content-type diversity, the possibilities of its understanding from different semantic, functional, historical and contextual perspectives. The main criteria of modernization typologization and the types identified on their basis include:scale (the breadth of modernization processes): partial and systemic modernization;nature (specifics of modernization processes): evolutionary and revolutionary modernization;source (formation of modernization needs and strategies within society or their introduction from outside): initiated and reflected modernization;pace (characteristic of the pace-velocity parameters of modernization processes): forced and long-term modernization.Thus, typologization makes it possible to see the palette of variations of modernization processes, their complexity and meaningful multilayeredness.