Institutionalization of the Non-State System for Ensuring Public Safety in the Context of Contemporary Challenges to the National Security of the Russian Federation

The subject of the research is the legal and institutional regulation of the activities of non-state actors involved in ensuring public safety in the Russian Federation. The study focuses on the interaction between state authorities and non-state actors in the context of contemporary threats to national security, including terrorism, extremism, cyber threats, and other risks. The research analyzes the key aspects of the functioning of the non-state system for ensuring public safety, identifies issues of regulatory framework and law enforcement practice that impede the effective integration of non-state actors into the overall national security system. Particular attention is paid to institutional mechanisms for interaction between state bodies and non-state actors, licensing, division of responsibilities, and the establishment of accountability. The methods used in this study include formal legal, comparative legal, and institutional analysis, as well as the examination of legal acts of the Russian Federation and foreign sources. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a systematic approach to institutionalizing the non-state system for ensuring public safety, identifying legal conflicts and legislative gaps, and justifying the need to adopt a federal law regulating the status of non-state actors and their interaction with state bodies. The practical significance of the study’s findings lies in their potential use by government agencies to improve legislation and develop effective policies in the field of national security, as well as in accounting for foreign experience in regulating the activities of non-state actors. The conclusion includes proposals for the development of the legislative framework aimed at improving the effectiveness of the non-state system for ensuring public safety in modern conditions.