The trade–environment nexus in global solar photovoltaic product trade: Mechanisms and policy implications

This study investigates the comprehensive and discrete attributes of the solar photovoltaic trade network from 2012 to 2022, elucidating the evolving dynamics of the global photovoltaic sector. Utilizing social network analysis, the research reveals distinct modular features within the photovoltaic trade network, with central nations like China and the United States exerting significant influence. Spatial panel regression analysis indicates the following: (1) a positive correlation between the weighted in-degree and carbon emissions, and a negative correlation between the weighted out-degree and carbon emissions; (2) a significant negative impact of closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality on carbon emissions, suggesting that trade with core countries can mitigate emissions; (3) the evolution of the photovoltaic trade network presents a pivotal opportunity for countries transitioning to clean energy. The findings lead to the formulation of targeted policy recommendations.