Extension of One-Dimensional Penetration Model Considering Cylindrical Cavity Expansion with Johnson-Cook Hardening

Abstract This study improves the Walker-Anderson penetration model (WAPM) by incorporating a cylindrical cavity expansion method based on the Johnson-Cook hardening model (CCEM-JC). The integration aims to simulate an eroded penetration analysis by utilizing dynamic material properties under a wide range of strain, strain rate, and temperature conditions to predict penetration depth effectively and reduce reliance on extensive ballistic testing. The extended WAPM (eWAPM) model is proposed and validated with finite element analyses and ballistic test results for long-rod penetration. By introducing the Johnson- Cook (JC) model for the target material, the eWAPM addresses high-velocity impacts and enhances the predictive accuracy of terminal ballistic phenomena while significantly reducing experimental costs.