Location, Location, Location: How the Federal Sentencing System Can Cause Disparity in MDLEA Cases

Abstract Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (MDLEA) cases in the federal sentencing system are governed by statutory punishment mandates and the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, which can lead to significant disparity in sentencing outcomes due to weight-based drug guidelines. While the First Step Act passage explicitly included MDLEA cases in safety-valve relief, disparity continues in the sentencing data. Role in the offense, specifically minor participant status, can significantly impact guideline ranges, and the uneven application on role leads to significant disparities in sentencing outcomes. Addressing these disparities remains crucial for achieving equity in MDLEA case outcomes and understanding the human costs involved.