Challenges and Advantages in Implementing STEM/STEAM Projects in School Education in Bulgaria

The integration of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and STEAM (including Arts) education in schools in Bulgaria is a crucial step in preparing students for the modern technological world. This type of education promotes critical thinking, innovation, and creative problem-solving. Despite the growing recognition of the importance of these disciplines, the implementation of STEM/STEAM projects in Bulgarian schools faces significant challenges. This article examines these challenges and benefits based on focus interviews with primary school teachers, secondary school teachers and university professors and local experts in STEM/STEAM pedagogy conducted during training organized by the Faculty of Education at Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski." The main challenges include a lack of adequate teacher training, insufficient resources and equipment, predominant traditional teaching methods, and a lack of support and collaboration. However, the advantages of STEM/STEAM education are considerable, including the development of critical thinking, computational and design thinking skills, increased student motivation, understanding for the interrelations among different disciplines, acquiring lasting knowledge, and preparation for future careers.