Comparative Analysis of Improved Decision Directed Carrier Phase Estimation Nonlinearity Mitigation of 16-QAM and 32-QAM

The paper presents a comparative analysis of decision-directed carrier phase estimation and nonlinearity mitigation techniques in optical communication systems using 16-QAM and 32-QAM modulation formats. It investigates the impact of these techniques on system performance, particularly in terms of phase noise and signal distortion caused by fiber nonlinearity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of carrier phase estimation in reducing phase noise, signal error rate, while nonlinearity mitigation enhances signal integrity and improved band rate and spectrum efficiency. The study highlights the trade-offs between computational complexity and performance improvements in both modulation schemes. The findings offer valuable insights for optimizing future high-capacity optical networks using advanced modulation formats and 5G and LTE mobile networks where efficient use of bandwidth is critical.