Advancement in Underwater Wireless Communication Technology for Efficient Marine Application

Underwater communication is important for environmental monitoring, marine research, and industrial operations. Pervasive communication methods (acoustic, optical, RF) are prone to signal loss, interference, low data rates, and high-power consumption. In this paper, we investigate these techniques and discuss their performance with respect to Magnetic Induction (MI)-based communication that employs low- frequency magnetic field for reliable, energy- efficient, and interference- resilient information transfer. MI provides divers and surface vessels with access to methodical multimedia communication. Bit error rate, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), range, and power efficiency metrics are used for performance evaluation. Further developments will aim to allow range extension through resonant coupling, IoT incorporation for real-time monitoring, and migration toward multi-coil networks in an effort to extend coverage. The MI concept thus represents a promising solution towards large-scale underwater communication systems, allowing the next- generation sub-sea wireless communication.