Design and Comparative analysis of an Optimized 5x32 SRAM Address Decoder for High Speed and High Density Appliactions at 22nm Technology

Address decoders are key components of random-access memory (RAM), determining the performance of Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM). Their speed is particularly important in high-performance computing applications like port register files and multi-level data caches, where speed is critical. Because these decoders can account for up to 50% of total access time and consume a large amount of power during read/write cycles, improving their design is critical. Thus, effective design solutions that focus on circuit techniques and transistor sizing are critical for reducing power consumption while increasing speed and efficiency in memory systems. This study presents the design of a 5:32 SRAM address decoder in a pre-decoded and final wordline decoded architecture that uses custom NAND, NOR, and AND gates. The proposed design is implemented at 22 nm CMOS technology and compared with 5:32 conventional, universal block, and pre-decoded decoders in terms of transistor count, speed, and power consumption. The proposed design reduces transistor count by 56.3% compared to conventional designs and achieves reductions of 30% and 12.5% over universal and pre-decoded decoder architectures, respectively. In terms of performance, it demonstrates a speed increase of 58.4%, 42.1%, and 30.6% over conventional, universal, and pre-decoded decoders, respectively. Additionally, the design consumes 46.7% less power than the conventional decoder, but results in 9.56% and 10.43% higher power consumption than the universal and pre-decoded decoders, respectively.