Yb3+/Tm3+/Er3+ doped TeO2-ZnO glasses: A Pathway to Visible Light Tuning for Integrated Photonics

This study focuses on the characterization of TeO2-ZnO samples prepared with different concentrations of rare-earth ions (Tm3+, Er3+, and Yb3+ ions) for potential appli-cations in photonics. Samples were produced with the melt-quenching technique and optical characterization, including luminescence and absorption measurements, was conducted, highlighting the influence of the rare-earth ion concentration on the emission intensities. The chromaticity diagram further illustrated the emitted colors, demonstrating light tuning ca-pabilities. The sample with a higher concentration of Er3+ and Yb3+ ions exhibited consistent green emission, making it suita-ble for LED and display applications. Green light emission was observed across all excitation power levels, with the high-est color purity achieved at the lowest excitation power of 14.4 W/cm2, whereas the one with a lower concentration of both rare - earth ions showed a broader range of emission colors, from blue to green, indicating superior light tuning and more versatile applications across the visible spectrum. Results of luminescence intensity as a function of different laser powers indicated that two photons participate in the emission of green and red light (550 and 660 nm) and three photons are associ-ated with the blue one (475 nm). The present results demon-strate a route to manage visible light emission and produce different photonic devices based on the efficiency frequency upconversion process of triply doped TeO2-ZnO glasses with different concentrations of rare-earth ions.