Revisión sistemática de literatura sobre tratamientos de aguas residuales con microalgas para el reciclaje de nutrientes

The use of microalgae in wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery is a direct application of circular bioeconomy principles, which emphasize resource efficiency while maintaining ecosystem integrity. Integrating microalgae cultivation with wastewater treatment is viewed as a highly promising approach to address challengessuch as water scarcity, energy demand, and food production. Specifically, employing microalgae in wastewater treatment offers a dual advantage. Firstly, it helps purify wastewater purification, thereby contributing to environmental preservation. Secondly, it enables the production of high-value biomass, creating a valuable and sustainable resource. This review explores the fundamentals of nutrient recovery processes using microalgae, aswell as their applications as biostimulants, biofertilizers, or biopesticides. This circular economy-based approach has emerged as one of the most economically viable options in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of microalgae extracts, which can produce phytohormones, volatile fatty acids, and serve as a rich source of amino acids, enhancing plant growth, development, and stress response.