From Vision to Reality: Navigating STEM Education Implementation Challenges in Ghanaian Junior High Schools

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges and factors influencing STEM education in Ghana, focusing on the issues related to school resources, teacher competencies, and students' academic performance in the Eastern and Central regions. [Methods] A large-scale survey was conducted with the support of KOICA, supplemented by interviews with students, teachers, head teachers, and SISOs. The analysis focused on the three main components of the IPO model: school resources, teacher competencies in math and science, and students' academic achievement. [Results] The survey results indicated that students' learning achievements in math and science were below expectations regardless of gender. Schools were found to be inadequately equipped with learning resources, and over half of math and science teachers lacked formal qualifications in these subjects. The study also revealed that a lack of understanding of core concepts in STEM subjects was a significant barrier to students' interest in these fields. [Conclusion] The findings highlight the need for improved school resources and teacher professional development in STEM education. Enhancing teacher competencies and providing better learning materials are essential for improving student performance and promoting STEM education, particularly at the junior high school level.