Assessment of Shoreline Changes at Northern Selangor Coast, Malaysia using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS)

Coastal erosion and accretion take a long time and can cause changes in the shoreline. This is due to the natural phenomena causing the loss or displacement of land along the coast. This incident will have an impact on communities near the beach as well as coastal development in Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, monitoring the shoreline is necessary to protect the environment along the coast of Selangor and deal with the problems that occur. This study aims to assess shoreline changes on a monsoon-dominated beach using a linear regression rate and forecast significant upcoming shoreline movement on the Selangor coast. This study monitors shoreline changes at Sabak Bernam using temporal data, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, and Landsat 4-5 TM satellite images. The DSAS executes statistical operations such as shoreline change envelope (SCE), net shoreline movement (NSM), end point rate (EPR), and linear regression rate (LRR). Bagan Sungai Burong, Sungai Nibong, and Bagan Nakhoda Omar experienced significant accretion rates, with values ranging from 223.076 to 177.145 meters per year, as assessed by the SCE model. Conversely, the NSM model identified substantial erosion at Sungai Nibong (-57.503 meters per year) and high accretion at Bagan Sungai Burong (177.113 meters per year). Other models showed no significant differences in erosion and accretion rates across the five zones. The LRR model, preferred for its precision, was employed to predict future shoreline positions for 2040 and 2060. The results suggest minimal changes in coastal dynamics, indicating relative stability in the region's shoreline. This research provides critical insights into the coastal processes of Sabak Bernam, aiding in effective coastal management and planning for future resilience.