Development of an Empathy-Based Literacy Module into Islamic Boarding School Education to Reduce Bullying Behavior

Bullying in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) poses a significant challenge as it disrupts interpersonal relationships and hinders character development among students. This study aims to design a literacy module tailored to the needs of pesantren students, using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model limited to the Analysis and Design stages. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with teachers and students, complemented by non-participant observations of daily social interactions within the pesantren environment. The proposed module consists of literacy-based activities such as reflective narratives, group discussions, role-playing, and creative assignments, all of which aim to foster empathy and address bullying behaviors. The design process also takes into account the hierarchical culture typical of pesantren, ensuring contextual relevance. However, this study is limited in that it does not include expert validation, module trials, or evaluation of learning outcomes. Future research is recommended to continue the development cycle through the remaining ADDIE phases. The findings contribute an initial educational tool to promote empathy and prevent bullying in pesantren settings.