Health Status of Working Women in Higher Education in Pakistan: The Mediating Role of Familial Responsibilities and Spiritual Health Issues

This paper aims to evaluate health status of working women by the mediating role of familial responsibilities and spiritual health issues in higher education institutions. The health status of working women at the university level has been affected by several factors. This study uses a quantitative approach and a survey has been conducted. A sample of 754 women has been drawn from four (two public and two private sectors) universities in the Punjab province, Pakistan using a proportionate random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire has been administered by the researcher to collect information from the respondents. It uses an attitudinal scale of (dis)agreement and pilot testing has also been done on 30 working women to check the reliability of the instrument. The study findings conclude that there has been an association between workload pressure and health status of working women in higher education. The study findings reveal that there is significant difference of workload pressure and health status of working women in public and private sector, faculty job and administrative job, and working females have rural and urban residential backgrounds. The study also clinched that physical health issues, psychological health issues, and social well-being issues has been directly affecting the spiritual health issues of working women at university. The spiritual health issues, physical health issues, social well-being issues, psychological health issues, familial responsibilities, and nutritional diet issues have been directly affecting the health status of working women at the tertiary level of educational institutions.