An Analysis of Injuries, Recovery, and Preventive Behaviors by Belt Levels in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Practitioners

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in injury sites, treatment behaviors, and preventive strategies according to belt levels among Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) practitioners. Methods The participants were 104 male adults who practiced and completed a structured self-report questionnaire. Participants were grouped according to training experience and belt level into WG (White Belt Group, n=31), BG (Blue Belt Group, n=32), and PBG (Purple and Black Belt Group, n=41). Results The analysis of injury sites revealed that practitioners in the PBG group exhibited a higher incidence of sprains involving the knee, wrist, and fingers than that of WG and BG. These individuals were more likely to employ advanced recovery strategies, including cryotherapy, pharmacological treatment, and physical therapy. In terms of injury prevention, the PBG reported more frequent implementation of warm-up routines, use of protective gear, and regulation of sparring intensity. Additionally, soft tissue damage and psychological factors, including recovery-related anxiety and resilience, were found to influence injury response patterns. Conclusions These findings suggest that as belt level increases, BJJ practitioners tend to develop more autonomous and systematic approaches to injury management. Accordingly, stage-specific injury prevention education and customized safety programs should be considered to enhance long-term athletic performance and reduce injury risk.