Bioenergy and Green Hydrogen Production in The Gambia: Potential for Energy Mix Integration

This study evaluates the feasibility of incorporating alternative sustainable energy sources, specifically bioenergy and green hydrogen, into The Gambia’s energy mix to support the nation’s long-term energy development goals. The feedstocks analyzed include agricultural crop residues such as rice, cassava, groundnuts, maize, sorghum, oil palm fruit, seed cotton, and millet, as well as municipal solid waste (MSW). An assessment was conducted to calculate the theoretical potential generated from the organic components of both MSW and crop residues, utilizing data collected from 2017 to 2021 and projections extending to 2038. The results were employed to calculate potential yields of biomethane and electricity production, using Buswell’s equation as a framework for determining biogas generation from various organic materials. Additionally, the potential for hydrogen production via steam methane reforming was evaluated using stoichiometric principles. The technical potential for electricity and hydrogen generation was then established based on their respective conversion efficiencies. This study is the first to comprehensively assess the technical potential for both bioenergy and green hydrogen production from crop residues and MSW in The Gambia. By quantifying yields of electricity (64.5 MW) and hydrogen (6.2 million kmol), and proposing a site-specific pilot project strategy, it bridges the gap between theoretical potential and practical implementation, providing a scalable roadmap for energy diversification in low-income nations. To address data management and infrastructure gaps, a strategy is proposed that includes automated data collection, awareness programs, and waste-to-energy initiatives, aimed at enhancing energy resilience and sustainability in The Gambia.