ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ADAPTATIONS OF HISTORICAL URBAN LANDSCAPES: FROM TRADITIONAL MEDINAS TO SUSTAINABLE STREETS IN HOT CLIMATES

This article explores the architectural and planning adaptations of historical urban landscapes, focusing on the transformation of traditional medinas into modern sustainable environments in hot climates. Urban features such as compact street layouts, housing designs, gardens, fountains, walls, and arches have undergone significant evolution, reflecting a balance between cultural heritage preservation and the demands of contemporary urban life. This study highlights how historical patterns, designed for passive cooling, social interaction, and environmental harmony, are reinterpreted using modern materials, technologies, and planning approaches. By integrating ecological strategies, cultural identity, and innovative techniques, these urban adaptations aim to enhance functionality, thermal comfort, and resilience while addressing challenges posed by rapid urbanization and climate change. Case studies from North Africa, particularly Morocco, demonstrate how traditional urban forms are adapted to incorporate green infrastructure, energy-efficient systems, and sustainable water management. Visual comparisons illustrate how handcrafted architectural elements, intricate layouts, and symbolic gardens are transformed into functional yet culturally significant modern urban spaces. The study emphasizes the multidimensional benefits of these transformations, including pollution reduction, energy efficiency, biodiversity promotion, and improvements in physical and mental health. These outcomes underline the critical role of cultural heritage in achieving urban sustainability and resilience in hot climates. This research concludes with actionable recommendations for urban planners and policymakers on leveraging historical patterns as a framework for addressing the challenges of modern urbanization. By combining traditional knowledge with innovative solutions, the study contributes to creating adaptive, livable, and sustainable cities that honor their cultural legacy while meeting future demands.