Reconstruction of buildings and infrastructure based on the principles of environmental sustainability: the case of Mykolaiv

In the title presents an analysis of approaches and methods for reconstructing buildings and infrastructure based on principles of environmental sustainability and the functional requirements of a modern city on different types of buildings, including historical monuments of architecture, abandoned industrial areas, and outdated housing stock. Using the example of Mykolaiv, the article explores various construction approaches in the context of reconstruction, depending on the type, setting, and technical condition of the structures. Different feasible approaches are considered: restoration and adaptation for monuments of architecture, renovation and revitalization for abandoned industrial areas and reconstruction and renovation for outdated residential buildings. The article analyzes regulatory framework of Ukrainian legislation and state building codes, standards, and rules of Ukraine to determine environmental regulation in the Ukrainian. The directions of regulation of environmental standards in construction are considered, such as combating the root causes of environmental pollution, joint responsibility of construction customers, developers and regulatory structures in the implementation of environmental impact during construction. The article analyzes experience of the country of Estonia in the renovation of the outdated Soviet housing stock. Special attention is paid to the application of energy-efficient measures, such as bringing buildings to the "zero energy consumption" system, the use of ecological materials, the use of local resources. Estonia has practice in creating a centralized government structure that controls apartment associations, conducts training and consultations for them for the most effective management of residential buildings during the implementation of complex renovation of buildings. The article considered experience of the country of Denmark in the revitalization of abandoned industrial areas. Denmark has comprehensive approach, which consists in providing architectural and urban planning solutions, adjusting the regulatory framework at the local level, and analyzing the socio-economic situation. The benefits of revitalizing abandoned industrial areas are improving the environmental situation in the city area, creating an economically profitable area and a beautiful public space.