Causal effects of inflammatory cytokines on hemangioma mediated by blood metabolites: a two-step Mendelian randomization study

As the first Mr study focused on hemangioma, we identified key cytokines and metabolites which might exert a causal effect on hemangioma, with several metabolites functioning as intermediators in cytokine-induced tumorigenesis process. The complex interaction between inflammation and metabolism in hemangioma was revealed, laying a foundation for future studies to explore potential targeted treatments.