Research Progress on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis

系统性硬化(Systemic Sclerosis, SSc)是一种以皮肤及内脏器官纤维化、血管病变和免疫异常为特征的慢性自身免疫性疾病，其病因复杂，涉及遗传、环境及免疫系统失调等多因素共同作用。西医治疗以免疫抑制剂、抗纤维化药物及血管扩张剂为主，虽能短期控制炎症反应和纤维化进展，但长期应用易引发感染、肝肾毒性及骨髓抑制等副作用，且难以逆转已形成的纤维化病变。中医将其归为“皮痹”、“血痹”范畴，认为“正气不足、痰瘀阻络”为核心病机，治疗主要益气活血、温阳化痰为主要治则。中西医结合治疗通过整合西医快速控制病程与中医整体调节的优势，在抑制纤维化、改善微循环及调节免疫稳态方面展现出协同效应。本文系统综述中西医结合治疗的理论基础、实践进展及未来挑战，旨在为临床优化治疗方案提供科学依据。Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, vascular disease, and immune abnormalities. Its etiology is complex and involves multiple factors such as genetics, environment, and immune system dysfunction. Western medicine treatment mainly uses immunosuppressants, anti fibrotic drugs, and vasodilators. Although they can control inflammation and fibrosis progression in the short term, long-term use can easily cause side effects such as infection, liver and kidney toxicity, and bone marrow suppression, and it is difficult to reverse the already formed fibrotic lesions. Traditional Chinese medicine categorizes it as “skin obstruction” and “blood obstruction”, and believes that “insufficient righteous qi and phlegm stasis obstructing collaterals” are the core pathological mechanisms. The main treatment principles are to nourish qi and promote blood circulation, warm yang and dissipate phlegm. The integrated treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine demonstrates a synergistic effect in inhibiting fibrosis, improving microcirculation, and regulating immune homeostasis by integrating the advantages of Western medicine in rapidly controlling the disease course and traditional Chinese medicine in overall regulation. This article systematically reviews the theoretical basis, practical progress, and future challenges of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment, aiming to provide scientific basis for optimizing treatment plans in clinical practice.