Exploration of the Teaching Path of Fables in Primary School Chinese Based on Core Competencies—Taking Unit 2 of the Second Volume for Grade 3 in the Compulsory Education Textbooks of Primary School Chinese as an Example

随着基础教育课程改革的不断深入，培养并发展学生的核心素养成为教师教学的重要关注点。《义务教育语文课程标准(2022年版)》将语文核心素养凝练为文化自信、语言运用、审美能力和思维创造。寓言作为一种古老的文学体裁，其背后丰富的道理具有深刻的教育性，对发展学生的语文核心素养有着重要的作用，其作用体现在语言建构的载体、孕育思维的土壤、审美鉴赏的桥梁、道德教育的基石四个方面。而教学目标贯穿教学始终，是课堂教学的中心。因此文章在探究小学语文寓言教学特点与语文核心素养契合性的基础上，以部编版小学语文三年级下册第二单元为例，从语文核心素养四个维度出发，结合寓言教学特点，构建了以“语言训练点”、“思维发生长点”、“审美聚焦点”、“文化认落脚点”为主要内容的语文核心素养目标图谱，旨在从教学目标角度，落实语文核心素养，提高寓言教学效果。With the continuous deepening of basic education curriculum reform, cultivating students' core competencies has become a key focus in teaching practices. The “Compulsory Education Chinese Language Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition)” condense Chinese core literacy into four dimensions: cultural confidence, language application, aesthetic capability, and creative thinking. As an ancient literary genre, fables carry profound educational significance through their rich moral lessons, playing a vital role in developing students’ Chinese core literacy. This role manifests in four aspects: serving as a vehicle for language construction, a fertile ground for cognitive development, a bridge for aesthetic appreciation, and a cornerstone for moral education. Since teaching objectives guide the entire instructional process as the central axis of classroom practice, this study explores the alignment between the characteristics of elementary Chinese fable instruction and core literacy development. Taking Unit 2 of the third-grade Chinese textbook (Ministry-compiled edition) as an example, it constructs a core literacy target system encompassing four dimensions: “language development focal points,” “cognitive growth triggers,” “aesthetic engagement hubs,” and “cultural anchoring points.” By integrating fable teaching features with literacy objectives, this framework aims to implement Chinese core literacy through targeted goal-setting, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of fable instruction.