The Impact of Green Supply Chain Practices, Risk Management, and Ethical Leadership on Corporate Performance: The Moderating Role of Governance

In response to growing environmental concerns, market volatility, and increased stakeholder demand for transparency, organizations are increasingly compelled to adopt sustainable and ethically driven management practices. This study explores the impact of green supply chain practices, risk management, and ethical leadership on corporate performance, with corporate governance examined as a moderating variable. Utilizing a qualitative literature review approach, the research synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed academic journals, international standards, and empirical studies published between 2015 and 2024. The analysis reveals that green supply chain practices contribute to improved operational efficiency, resource optimization, and brand reputation. Risk management is shown to enhance organizational resilience by identifying vulnerabilities and enabling proactive strategies to minimize disruption and ensure continuity. Ethical leadership, meanwhile, fosters a values-based organizational culture that improves employee commitment, stakeholder trust, and strategic alignment. However, the influence of these factors on performance is significantly shaped by the quality of corporate governance mechanisms in place. Strong governance structures—characterized by accountability, transparency, and strategic oversight—amplify the positive effects of sustainability and ethics-driven practices on firm outcomes. Despite the growing body of research in this domain, studies in developing economies, particularly within Southeast Asia, remain limited. This study addresses that gap by offering a holistic conceptual framework and highlighting the need for integrated approaches that align environmental responsibility, risk preparedness, ethical conduct, and governance to drive long-term corporate performance. The findings contribute to both theory and practice, offering strategic insights for scholars, managers, and policymakers.