Drug use and parental factors among rural youth in Cross River State, Nigeria: a qualitative study

The burden of substance abuse is increasing among Nigerian youth. However, existing studies focus on trends in the urban areas. This study aimed to explore drug use and the role of parental factors among rural youth in Cross River State, Nigeria. A qualitative study was undertaken among purposefully sampled youth aged 16 to 25 years in three rural communities spanning two Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria. Three focus group discussions were conducted, comprising ten, eight, and ten discussants in each location. The discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was performed using the Taguette software. The participants identified some substances commonly misused locally, including methamphetamine, tramadol, codeine, cocaine, and marijuana. They cited factors that drive substance use, such as seeking inspiration or euphoric experiences, peer pressure, seeking enhanced sexual experiences, and coping with physical or emotional pain. Parental factors influencing substance use included permissive parenting, harsh communication styles, and parental drug use. Positive parental influences included having close, supportive relationships with parents, open and educative conversations about drug use with parents, and the beneficial impact of parental spirituality. Their recommendations included youth education on the dangers of drug use, employing youth-friendly communication styles, consistent parental supervision, and monitored screen time for adolescents. Drug availability in rural areas reflects urban trends, and parental factors are important determinants of drug use in youth. Interventions designed to empower parents and youth to mitigate the onset of drug use are needed.