Geopolitical Instability and the Challenge of Achieving Zero Hunger: The Impact of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Global Food Security

Objective: This study investigates the impact of armed conflicts—particularly the Russo-Ukrainian war—on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger), highlighting the interplay between geopolitical instability and global food insecurity. Methodology: Adopting a qualitative, documentary-based approach, the study analyzes data from 2015 to 2023 concerning the incidence of armed conflicts and food insecurity trends. Special emphasis is given to the effects of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict on agricultural production and the disruption of global food supply chains. Sources include reports from the United Nations, non-governmental organizations, and other institutional datasets. Results: Since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, there has been a marked increase in armed conflicts, contributing to a rise in global food insecurity. The Russo-Ukrainian war alone has disrupted food exports critical to low-income countries, affecting approximately 1.7 billion individuals and pushing 276 million into acute hunger. These figures underscore the systemic vulnerabilities of the global food system in conflict-affected regions. Contribution: The study contributes to the literature on sustainable development by illustrating the inseparable link between peace and food security. It urges policymakers to embed conflict resolution and peace-building strategies within food security agendas to ensure meaningful progress toward SDG 2 by 2030.