Morphology, multilocus phylogeny, and toxin analysis reveal two new species of Amanita section Amanita (Amanitaceae) from China

Globally, many species of Amanitasect.Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) cause poisoning after consumption. <i>Amanitaflavomelleiceps</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>Amanitaparvisychnopyramis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, two new species of A.sectionAmanita from China, are described here. Morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on five genes (ITS, nrLSU, <i>RPB2</i>, <i>TEF1-α</i>, and <i>TUB2</i>) revealed these two taxa as distinct species. <i>Amanitaflavomelleiceps</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is characterized by a yellowish-to-yellow pileus covered by verrucose volval remnants; a subglobose basal bulb with shortly limbate; subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, inamyloid basidiospores. <i>Amanitaparvisychnopyramis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is characterized by a brownish pileus covered by subconical volval remnants; an ovate basal bulb with a cream limbate; and subglobose-to-broadly ellipsoid, inamyloid basidiospores. Screening for the most notorious toxins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed the presence of ibotenic acid (IBO) and muscimol (MUS) in <i>A.parvisychnopyramis</i> and the absence of these toxins in <i>A.flavomelleiceps</i>.