High-resolution Observations of a C9.3 White-light Flare and Its Impact on the Solar Photosphere

Abstract We present a detailed analysis of a C9.3 white-light flare using high-resolution observations from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope. The flare occurred near the eastern solar limb on 2023 September 11, within NOAA AR 13431, and produced beam electrons with energies just below 50 keV as observed by the Hard X-ray Imager onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory. Two white-light flare kernels were detected in the TiO band, connected by filamentary brightenings aligned with penumbral fibrils, suggesting a photospheric contribution to the white-light emission. Notably, the impact of the flare on the solar photosphere was characterized by sudden vortex flows and significant amplification of the magnetic field in the white-light flare kernel region. We infer that this impact is driven by the propagation of flare-generated Alfvén wave pulses, which deposited energy into the photosphere. These observations support the potential role of the Alfvén wave mechanism in driving energy transport and heating during white-light flares.