Targeted Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Screening from Metagenomic DNA of Raw Milk Samples Identifies the Presence of Multiple Genes Including the <i>mcr9</i>

The current study has investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in cow and goat raw milk samples. The misuse of antibiotics in the livestock sector has already been reported to be a major factor contributing to AMR risk. For the study, milk samples were collected from five different farms, and metagenomic DNA was extracted. Then, PCR amplification was carried out using primers specific to 15 different AMR genes. From the results obtained, the prevalence of β-lactam resistance genes, particularly <i>blaTEM</i> (24%), along with other genes like <i>blaZ</i> (12%) and <i>blaSHV</i> (8%), were observed in addition to the transmissible <i>mcr9</i> gene (12%) conferring resistance to colistin. These findings underscore the urgent need for monitoring AMR genes and regulating antibiotic use in dairy farming to safeguard public health, as it poses a potential risk with the consumption of unpasteurized milk.