Development of antifouling membranes incorporating graphene oxide-iron oxide nanocomposites for potential Hemodialysis applications

This study presents the development of a novel polysulfone (PSf) hollow fiber membrane, achieved through the incorporation of a graphene oxide (GO)-iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanocomposite, aimed at enhancing antifouling properties and permeability for hemodialysis applications. The PSf/GO-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite membranes were produced using a dry-wet spinning technique, employing different ratios of GO to Fe₂O₃ (20:80, 50:50, 80:20) to enhance the performance of the membranes. The successful synthesis and uniform dispersion of GO-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites within the membrane matrix were confirmed through characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The incorporation of GO-Fe₂O₃ enhanced the hydrophilicity of the membrane and elevated water permeability. Notably, the 80:20 GO-Fe₂O₃ ratio exhibited a remarkable 96% increase in pure water permeability and achieved a 98% rejection rate for BSA. The antifouling properties were also enhanced, as evidenced by a flux recovery ratio of 93% and reduced protein adsorption down to 6.9 µg/cm². Additionally, dynamic ultrafiltration tests confirmed the membrane’s stability and cleaning efficiency across multiple cycles. No leaching of GO or Fe was detected, confirming the nanocomposite’s stability within the membrane matrix. The findings suggest that PSf/GO-Fe₂O₃ membranes may enhance efficiency in hemodialysis by minimizing fouling and improving overall membrane performance.