A Robust Speed Control Method Based on Internal Model Control and Proportional–Integral–Derivative Considering Metering and Engine Uncertainties for Hydrogen-Fueled Turbojet

Abstract Hydrogen is expected to be widely used in aviation but accurately measuring its flowrate remains challenging due to its compressibility, potentially compromising engine performance. Prolonged operation of aero-engines in high-temperature environments can alter the health parameters of the engine's gas path, potentially leading to performance degradation or even damage. Maintaining good dynamic quality of aero-engine speed is crucial despite uncertainties in hydrogen measurement and engine degradation. This paper proposes an internal model control algorithm and designs a robust speed controller that considers these uncertainties. Simulation results demonstrate that, unlike traditional proportional–integral methods where the relationship between robustness and design parameters is unclear, the proposed speed controller exhibits strong robustness. The internal model control controller effectively maintains speed control robustness even under metering uncertainties and engine degradation. In addition, it exhibits enhanced robustness in the cosimulation of the hydrogen supply system and the engine.