Recent Approaches and Trends in Bio-flocculants for Environmental Sustainability: An Apodictic Review

Bio-flocculants are rich in polysaccharides that can flocculate colloidal and suspended particles by aggregating and forming flocs. They gained attention in wastewater treatment, the food industry, the dye industry, and downstream processing for their bio-degradability and eco-friendly activity. The current review focuses on bio-flocculant trends, involving information on microorganisms isolated and made to produce bio-flocculants and their applications in various fields. Furthermore, this review underscores bio-flocculants' significance in ecosystem preservation and their pivotal role in environmentally friendly pollution control strategies. By elucidating the intricate relationship between carbon and nitrogen sources, purification methods, characterization techniques, and the influence of metal ions on flocculation, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of bio-flocculant production and its potential applications in sustainable environmental management.