Dynamically tunable photonic manipulation and sensing in graphene array-driven Bragg gratings

This study proposes a dynamically tunable optical sensor (DFBG-GA) based on the integration of a distributed feedback Bragg grating (DFBG) and a graphene array (GA). Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the transmission spectrum of DFBG-GA exhibits prominent resonance peaks, the linewidth and wavelength of which can be dynamically tuned by adjusting the graphene chemical potential, the number of Bragg grating periods, and the cavity thickness. Experimental results reveal that the structure achieves a refractive index sensitivity of up to 10,430 nm/RIU, with a strong linear response (R² > 0.98). Furthermore, the average figure of merit (Δλ/Δμ) for graphene chemical potential tuning reaches 9.5904 μm/eV, indicating efficient dynamic modulation capabilities. These findings suggest that this architecture has promising potential for applications in biosensing, environmental monitoring, and related fields.