Progress of Indole Alkaloids for Potential Application in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-An Updated Review

The underlying pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) includes compromised insulin production and resistance by various organs or the mutual occurrence of both, which are the most frequent reasons. This leads to a complete loss of pancreatic beta cells' secretory function. Hence, defined measures and correct parameters must be considered to minimize the disease risk. Herbal medicines and plants are becoming increasingly popular due to their multiple benefits, including low toxicity, safety, and efficacy. The structural variety and therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids (IAs) make them an important class of naturally occurring compounds. This critical review was undertaken to identify and draw attention to the indole-containing plant alkaloids helpful in preventing T2DM. Both preclinical and clinical findings, as well as safety and toxicity, were highlighted in the study. Based on the current scientific literature, it is reasonable to assume that these IAs have great potential as therapeutics, either alone or in conjunction with existing treatments, leading to the development of safer and more effective profiles.