Optimized Distributed Time Synchronization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Kalman Consensus Filter

In this paper, a time synchronization optimization algorithm (DOKCF-PL) for distributed wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in packet loss and transmission delay environments is proposed. By developing a joint optimization strategy for optimal Kalman gain and consensus gain, the algorithm improves the robustness and convergence speed of the system while maintaining highly accurate synchronization performance. To account for the effects of packet loss and transmission delay on the synchronization performance, an equivalent observation noise processing method is proposed, which significantly improves the synchronization stability. The simulation results show that the DOKCF-PL algorithm has excellent synchronization performance under different network topologies and packet losses, confirming its potential application in dynamic network environments.